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User:George Church/sandbox2

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English: 52= 32 consonants , 20 vowels https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English

Audio list: 124= A-Z https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA

Audio grid: 194= 32 vowels, 120+34+8 consonants https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Nejssor/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart

Di-Vowels: 10= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphthong

Sort: https://arep.med.harvard.edu/gmc/ipa.html

English Consonants 32/52
IPA Examples Audio List
b buy, cab English
d dye, cad, ladder English
dj dew
giant, badge
ð thy, breathe, father
f fan, leaf
ɡ guy, bag
h high, ahead
hw whine[1]
j[2] yes, hallelujah
k sky, crack
l lie, sly, gal[3]
lj lute[4]
m my, smile, cam
n nigh, snide, can
nj new[4]
ŋ sang, sink, singer
p pie, spy, cap
r[5] rye, try, very
s sigh, mass
sj consume[4]
ʃ shy, cash, emotion
t tie, sty, cat, latter[6]
tj tune[4]
China, catch
θ thigh, path
θj enthuse[4]
v vine, leave
w wine, swine
z zoo, has
zj Zeus[4]
ʒ pleasure, beige[7]
Marginal segments
IPA Examples
x ugh, loch, Chanukah[8]
ʔ uh-oh /ˈʔʌʔoʊ/
ɒ̃ bon vivant[9]
æ̃ fin de siècle[9]
ɜː Möbius (UK only)[10]
Strong vowels
IPA Examples
ɑː PALM, bra
ɒ LOT, blockade, song[11]
æ TRAP, tattoo, sang[12]
PRICE, pie[13]
MOUTH, how[13]
ɛ DRESS, prestige, length[14]
FACE
ɪ KIT, historic, sing[15]
FLEECE, pedigree, idea[16]
GOAT[17][15]
ɔɪ CHOICE
ʊ FOOT
GOOSE, cruel[16]
ʌ STRUT, untidy, trustee, sung[18][19]
Weak vowels
IPA Examples
ə COMMA, abbot, bazaar
ɪ rabbit, bizarre, Latin, heating[15][20]
motto, retroactive, follower[15][21]
i HAPPY, mediocre[22]
California[23]
u fruition[21][22]
influence[24]
Stress[25]
IPA Examples
ˈ intonation /ˌɪntəˈneɪʃən/
Syllabification
IPA Examples
. /ˈhaɪər/ hire, /ˈhaɪ.ər/ higher[26]
/ˈtæks.peɪər/ taxpayer
IPA 124 Examples Audio List
ɹ RP borrow R
l English leaf L
ǁ English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog" Other
n English nun N
ɾ
r R
m M
ʙ B
ʘ
u
ɯ
ʉ
ɨ
y
i
o
ɤ
ɵ
ɘ
ø
e
ǀ
ɚ
ɝ
ɑ̃
ɔ̃
œ̃
ɛ̃
ʔ
ʋ
ɱ
ə
ʊ
ʏ
ɪ
ɐ
æ
ɑ
ä
ɶ
ɜ
œ
ɛ
j
ʎ
ɲ
ǂ
ǃ
ɒ
a
ɔ
ʌ
ɻ
ɽ
ɭ
ɳ
ɴ
ʀ R
ʟ
ŋ
ɫ
ɗ
ɮ
d
z
ʑ
β
ɓ
b
ð
ɦ
w
v
ʝ
ʄ
ɟ
ʒ
ʕ
ʐ
ʁ
ɰ
ɣ
ɠ
ɡ
ɬ
t
s
ɕ
ɸ
p
θ
h
ʍ
f
ç
c
ʃ
ħ
ʂ
χ
q
x Scottish English loch, German Bach, Russian хороший [xɐˈroʂɨj] "good", Spanish joven X
k English kick, skip K
  1. ^ The phoneme /hw/ is not distinguished from /w/ in the many dialects with the winewhine merger, such as RP and most varieties of General American. For more information on this sound, see voiceless labialized velar approximant.
  2. ^ The IPA value of the letter ⟨j⟩ may be counterintuitive to English speakers, but the spelling is found even in some common English words like hallelujah and fjord.
  3. ^ /l/ in the syllable coda, as in the words all, cold, or bottle, is pronounced as [o], [u], [w] or a similar sound in many dialects through L-vocalization.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference yod was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ In most varieties of English, /r/ is pronounced as an approximant [ɹ]. Although the IPA symbol ⟨r⟩ represents the alveolar trill, ⟨r⟩ is widely used instead of ⟨ɹ⟩ in broad transcriptions of English.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference flapping was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ A number of English words, such as genre and garage, may be pronounced with either /ʒ/ or /dʒ/.
  8. ^ In most dialects, /x/ can also be replaced by /k/ in most words, including loch. It is also replaced with /h/ in some words, particularly of Yiddish origin, such as Chanukah.
  9. ^ a b /ɒ̃, æ̃/ are only found in French loanwords and often replaced by another vowel and a nasal consonant: bon vivant /ˌbɒn viːˈvɒnt/, ensemble /ɒnˈsɒmbəl/, etc.[a]
  10. ^ /ɜː/ is only found in loanwords and represents a situation where such an r-less vowel is used only in British or Southern Hemisphere accents, and therefore a transcription that includes it must always be prefaced with a label indicating the variety of English. It is to be used only when a reliable source shows that General American has a different vowel in the same position. If r-ful NURSE is used even in GA, even if spelled without ⟨r⟩, as in Goethe and hors d'oeuvre, use /ɜːr/. /ɜː/ is also not the same as ⟨œ⟩ seen in some American dictionaries. ⟨œ⟩ in those dictionaries is merely a notational convention and does not correspond to any vowel in any accent of English, so a transcription containing ⟨œ⟩ cannot be converted to one that uses this key.
  11. ^ In dialects with the fatherbother merger such as General American, /ɒ/ is not distinguished from /ɑː/.
  12. ^ In North America, /æ/ is often pronounced like a diphthong [eə~ɛə] before nasal consonants and, in some particular regional dialects, other environments. See /æ/ raising.
  13. ^ a b In much of North America, /aɪ/ or /aʊ/ may have a slightly different quality when it precedes a voiceless consonant, as in price or mouth, from that in ride/pie or loud/how, a phenomenon known as Canadian raising. Since this occurs in a predictable fashion, it is not distinguished in this transcription system.
  14. ^ /ɛ/ is transcribed with ⟨e⟩ in many dictionaries. However, /eɪ/ is also sometimes transcribed with ⟨e⟩, especially in North American literature, so ⟨ɛ⟩ is chosen here.
  15. ^ a b c d /ɪ/ and /oʊ/ may be strong or weak depending on context.[b] Whether an instance of unstressed /ɪ/ is strong or weak may not be clear in some circumstances.[c]
  16. ^ a b Words like idea, real, theatre, and cruel may be pronounced with /ɪə/ or /ʊə/ in non-rhotic accents such as Received Pronunciation, and some dictionaries transcribe them with /ɪə, ʊə/,[d] but since they are not pronounced with /r/ in rhotic accents, they should be transcribed with /iːə, uːə/, not with /ɪə, ʊə/, in this transcription system.
  17. ^ /oʊ/ is often transcribed with ⟨əʊ⟩, particularly in British literature, based on its modern realization in Received Pronunciation. It is also transcribed with ⟨o⟩, particularly in North American literature.
  18. ^ Some, particularly North American, dictionaries notate /ʌ/ with the same symbol as /ə/, which is found only in unstressed syllables, and distinguish it from /ə/ by marking the syllable as stressed. Also note that although ⟨ʌ⟩, the IPA symbol for the open-mid back vowel, is used, the typical modern pronunciation is rather close to the near-open central vowel [ɐ] in most dialects, including Received Pronunciation and General American.
  19. ^ /ʌ/ is not used in the dialects of the northern half of England, some bordering parts of Wales, and some broad eastern Ireland accents. These words would take the /ʊ/ vowel: there is no footstrut split.
  20. ^ In accents with the weak vowel merger such as most Australian and American accents, /ɪ/ in unstressed positions is not distinguished from /ə/, making rabbit and abbot rhyme and Lenin and Lennon homophonous. Pairs like roses and Rosa's are kept distinct in American accents because of the difference in morphological structure,[e] but may be homophonous in Australian.[f] In these accents, unstressed /ɪl, ɪn, ɪm/ merge with /əl, ən, əm/, so that the second vowel in Latin may be lost and cabinet may be disyllabic (see the previous note).
  21. ^ a b /oʊ/ and /u/ in unstressed, prevocalic positions are transcribed as /əw/ by Merriam-Webster, but no other dictionary uniformly follows this practice.[g] Hence a difference between /əw/ in Merriam-Webster and /oʊ/ or /u/ in another source is most likely one in notation, not in pronunciation, so /əw/ in such cases may be better replaced with /oʊ/ or /u/ accordingly, to minimize confusion: /ˌsɪtʃəˈweɪʃən//ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃən/, /ˈfɒləwər//ˈfɒloʊər/.
  22. ^ a b i⟩ represents variation between /iː/ and /ɪ/ in unstressed prevocalic or morpheme-final positions. It is realized with a quality closer to /iː/ in accents with happy tensing, such as Australian English, General American, and modern RP, and to /ɪ/ in others. ⟨u⟩ likewise represents variation between /uː/ and /ʊ/ in unstressed prevocalic positions.
  23. ^ The sequence ⟨⟩ may be pronounced as two syllables, [i.ə] or [ɪ.ə], or as one, [jə] or [ɪə̯]. When pronounced as one syllable in a non-rhotic accent, it may be indistinguishable from, and identified as, the NEAR vowel (/ɪər/).[d] This transcription system uses ⟨⟩, not ⟨i.ə⟩, ⟨ɪə⟩, etc., to cover all these possibilities.
  24. ^ The sequence ⟨⟩ may be pronounced as two syllables, [u.ə] or [ʊ.ə], or as one, [wə] or [ʊə̯]. When pronounced as one syllable in a non-rhotic accent, it may be indistinguishable from, and identified as, the CURE vowel (/ʊər/).[d] This transcription system uses ⟨⟩, not ⟨u.ə⟩, ⟨ʊə⟩, etc., to cover all these possibilities.
  25. ^ The IPA stress mark ⟨ˈ⟩ comes before the syllable that has the stress, in contrast to stress marking in pronunciation keys of some dictionaries published in the United States.
  26. ^ Syllable divisions are not usually marked, but the IPA dot ⟨.⟩ may be used when it is wished to make explicit where a division between syllables is (or may be) made.


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