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Thermus

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For other uses, see Thermus (disambiguation).

Thermus
Thermus aquaticus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Deinococcota
Class: Deinococci
Order: Thermales
Family: Thermaceae
Genus: Thermus
Brock & Freeze 1969
Type species
Thermus aquaticus
Brock & Freeze 1969
Species

See text

Thermus is a genus of thermophilic bacteria. It is one of several bacteria belonging to the Deinococcota phylum. According to comparative analysis of 16S rRNA, this is one the most ancient group of bacteria [1] Thermus species can be distinguished from other genera in the family Thermaceae as well as all other bacteria by the presence of eight conserved signature indels found in proteins such as adenylate kinase and replicative DNA helicase as well as 14 conserved signature proteins that are exclusively shared by members of this genus.[2]

Phylogeny[edit]

See also: Bacterial taxonomy

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [3] and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[4][5][6]

Between all its species, T. thermophilus has a special importance as a model organism for basic and applied research.

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023[7][8][9] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[10][11][12]
Thermus

T. oshimai Williams et al. 1996[13]

T. filiformis Hudson et al. 1987[14]

T. thermophilus (ex Oshima and Imahori 1974) Manaia et al. 1995[15]

T. composti Vajna et al. 2012[16]

T. aquaticus Brock and Freeze 1969[17]

T. arciformis Zhang et al. 2010[18]

T. islandicus Bjornsdottir et al. 2009[19]

T. hydrothermalis Li et al. 2023

T. brockianus Williams et al. 1995[20]

T. thalpophilus Li et al. 2023

T. sediminis Zhou et al. 2021

T. igniterrae Chung et al. 2000[21]

T. thermamylovorans Ming et al. 2020

T. caldilimi Li et al. 2021

T. tengchongensis Yu et al. 2013[22]

T. caliditerrae Ming et al. 2014[23]

T. brevis Hu et al. 2022

T. tenuipuniceus Zhou et al. 2019

T. albus Li et al. 2023

T. altitudinis Li et al. 2023

T. caldifontis Khan et al. 2017

T. neutrinimicus Li et al. 2023

T. amyloliquefaciens Yu et al. 2015[24]

T. antranikianii Chung et al. 2000[21]

T. scotoductus Kristjansson et al. 1994[25]

Thermus

T. filiformis

T. oshimai

T. islandicus

T. aquaticus

T. sediminis

T. arciformis

"T. kawarayensis" Kurosawa, Itoh & Itoh 2005

T. composti

"T. parvatiensis" Dwivedi et al. 2015

T. thermophilus

T. brockianus

T. igniterrae

T. thermamylovorans

T. caliditerrae

T. tengchongensis

T. amyloliquefaciens

T. caldifontis

T. caldilimi

T. tenuipuniceus

T. antranikianii

T. scotoductus

Species incertae sedis:[26]

  • "T. anatoliensis" Kacagan et al. 2016
  • "T. caldophilus" Taguchi et al. 1983
  • "T. eggertssonii" Peters 2008
  • "T. murrieta" Benner et al. 2006
  • "T. nonproteolyticus" 1992
  • "T. rehai" Lin et al. 2002
  • "T. yunnanensis" Gong et al. 2005

Habitats[edit]

The strains of the genus Thermus are generally isolated from hydrothermal areas where the range of water temperature is 55–70 ºC and that of pH is 5.0–10.5.[27]

The first isolate of the genus Thermus was isolated from hydrothermal areas in Yellowstone National Park.[5] Later on more isolates were obtained from several hydrothermal areas worldwide,[27] such as in Japan,[28][29] Iceland,[30] New Zealand, New Mexico or the Australian Artesian Basin.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Woese, C R (June 1987). "Bacterial evolution". Microbiological Reviews. 51 (2): 221–271. doi:10.1128/mr.51.2.221-271.1987. ISSN 0146-0749.
  2. ^ Ho, Jonathan; Adeolu, Mobolaji; Khadka, Bijendra; Gupta, Radhey S. (October 2016). "Identification of distinctive molecular traits that are characteristic of the phylum "Deinococcus–Thermus" and distinguish its main constituent groups". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 39 (7): 453–463. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2016.07.003. ISSN 0723-2020.
  3. ^ J.P. Euzéby. "Thermus". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-07-20.
  4. ^ Sayers; et al. "Deinococcus–Thermus". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
  5. ^ a b Brock TD & Freeze H (1969). "Thermus aquaticus, a Nonsporulating Extreme Thermophile". Journal of Bacteriology. 98 (1): 289–97. doi:10.1128/jb.98.1.289-297.1969. PMC 249935. PMID 5781580.
  6. ^ Chung, A. P.; Rainey, F. A.; Valente, M.; Nobre, M. F.; da Costa, M. S. (2000). "Thermus igniterrae sp. nov. and Thermus antranikianii sp. nov., two new species from Iceland". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 50 (1): 209–217. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-1-209. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 10826806.
  7. ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  8. ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  9. ^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  10. ^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  11. ^ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  12. ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  13. ^ WILLIAMS, RALPH A. D.; SMITH, KELVIN E.; WELCH, SIMON G.; MICALLEF, JANICE (1996-01-01). "Thermus oshimai sp. nov., Isolated from Hot Springs in Portugal, Iceland, and the Azores, and Comment on the Concept of a Limited Geographical Distribution of Thermus Species". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 46 (2): 403–408. doi:10.1099/00207713-46-2-403. PMID 8934898.
  14. ^ Hudson, J. A.; Morgan, H. W.; Daniel, R. M. (1987-01-01). "Thermus filiformis sp. nov., a Filamentous Caldoactive Bacterium". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 37 (4): 431–436. doi:10.1099/00207713-37-4-431.
  15. ^ Manaia, Célia M.; Hoste, Bart; Carmen Gutierrez, M.; Gillis, Monique; Ventosa, Antonio; Kersters, Karel; Da Costa, Milton S. (1995-02-01). "Halotolerant Thermus Strains from Marine and Terrestrial Hot Springs Belong to Thermus thermophilus (ex Oshima and Imahori, 1974) nom. rev. emend". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 17 (4): 526–532. doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80072-X.
  16. ^ Vajna, B.; Kanizsai, S.; Keki, Z.; Marialigeti, K.; Schumann, P.; Toth, E. M. (2012-07-01). "Thermus composti sp. nov., isolated from oyster mushroom compost". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 62 (Pt 7): 1486–1490. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.030866-0. PMID 21856987.
  17. ^ Brock, Thomas D.; Freeze, Hudson (1969-04-01). "Thermus aquaticus gen. n. and sp. n., a Nonsporulating Extreme Thermophile". Journal of Bacteriology. 98 (1): 289–297. doi:10.1128/jb.98.1.289-297.1969. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 249935. PMID 5781580.
  18. ^ Zhang, X. Q.; Ying, Y.; Ye, Y.; Xu, X. W.; Zhu, X. F.; Wu, M. (2010-04-01). "Thermus arciformis sp. nov., a thermophilic species from a geothermal area". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 60 (4): 834–839. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.007690-0. PMID 19661520.
  19. ^ Bjornsdottir, Snaedis H.; Petursdottir, Solveig K.; Hreggvidsson, Gudmundur O.; Skirnisdottir, Sigurlaug; Hjorleifsdottir, Sigridur; Arnfinnsson, Johann; Kristjansson, Jakob K. (2009-01-01). "Thermus islandicus sp. nov., a mixotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium isolated from the Torfajokull geothermal area". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 59 (12): 2962–2966. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.007013-0. PMID 19628590.
  20. ^ WILLIAMS, R. A. D.; SMITH, K. E.; WELCH, S. G.; MICALLEF, J.; SHARP, R. J. (1995-07-01). "DNA Relatedness of Thermus Strains, Description of Thermus brockianus sp. nov., and Proposal To Reestablish Thermus thermophilus (Oshima and Imahori)". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 45 (3): 495–499. doi:10.1099/00207713-45-3-495. PMID 8590676.
  21. ^ a b Chung, A. P.; Rainey, F. A.; Valente, M.; Nobre, M. F.; Costa, M. S. da (2000-01-01). "Thermus igniterrae sp. nov. and Thermus antranikianii sp. nov., two new species from Iceland". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 50 (1): 209–217. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-1-209. PMID 10826806.
  22. ^ Yu, Tian-Tian; Yao, Ji-Cheng; Ming, Hong; Yin, Yi-Rui; Zhou, En-Min; Liu, Min-Jiao; Tang, Shu-Kun; Li, Wen-Jun (2013). "Thermus tengchongensis sp. nov., isolated from a geothermally heated soil sample in Tengchong, Yunnan, south-west China". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 103 (3): 513–518. doi:10.1007/s10482-012-9833-9. PMID 23104072.
  23. ^ Ming, H.; Yin, Y.-R.; Li, S.; Nie, G.-X.; Yu, T.-T.; Zhou, E.-M.; Liu, L.; Dong, L.; Li, W.-J. (2014-02-01). "Thermus caliditerrae sp. nov., a novel thermophilic species isolated from a geothermal area". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 64 (Pt 2): 650–656. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.056838-0. PMID 24158953. S2CID 6476087.
  24. ^ Yu, Tian-Tian; Park, Dong-Jin; Hozzein, Wael N.; Kim, Chang-Jin; Wadaan, Mohammed A. M.; Ming, Hong; Li, Wen-Jun; Yao, Ji-Cheng; Zhou, En-Min (2015-08-01). "Thermus amyloliquefaciens sp. nov., isolated from a hot spring sediment sample". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 65 (8): 2491–2495. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000289. PMID 25920724.
  25. ^ Kristjánsson, Jakob; Hjörleifsdóttir, Sigrídur; Marteinsson, Viggó; Alfredsson, Gudni (1994). "Thermus scotoductus, sp. nov., a Pigment-Producing Thermophilic Bacterium from Hot Tap Water in Iceland and Including Thermus sp. X-1". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 17 (1): 44–50. doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80030-5.
  26. ^ TENREIRO, S.; NOBRE, M. F.; COSTA, M. S. DA (1995-10-01). "Thermus silvanus sp. nov. and Thermus chliarophilus sp. nov., Two New Species Related to Thermus ruber but with Lower Growth Temperatures". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 45 (4): 633–639. doi:10.1099/00207713-45-4-633. PMID 7547281.
  27. ^ a b Da Costa, Milton S.; Rainey, Fred A.; Nobre, M. Fernanda (2006), Dworkin, Martin; Falkow, Stanley; Rosenberg, Eugene; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz (eds.), "The Genus Thermus and Relatives", The Prokaryotes, New York, NY: Springer New York, pp. 797–812, doi:10.1007/0-387-30747-8_32, ISBN 978-0-387-25497-5, retrieved 2024-06-05
  28. ^ Oshima, T.; Imahori, K. (1974-01-01). "Description of Thermus thermophilus (Yoshida and Oshima) comb. nov., a Nonsporulating Thermophilic Bacterium from a Japanese Thermal Spa". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 24 (1): 102–112. doi:10.1099/00207713-24-1-102. ISSN 0020-7713.
  29. ^ Saiki, Takashi; Kimura, Ryohei; Arima, Kei (January 1972). "Isolation and Characterization of Extremely Thermophilic Bacteria from Hot Springs". Agricultural and Biological Chemistry. 36 (13): 2357–2366. doi:10.1080/00021369.1972.10860589. ISSN 0002-1369.
  30. ^ Pask-Hughes, R. A.; Williams, R. A. D. (1977-10-01). "Yellow-pigmented Strains of Thermus spp. from Icelandic Hot Springs". Journal of General Microbiology. 102 (2): 375–383. doi:10.1099/00221287-102-2-375. ISSN 0022-1287.
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