Draft:Llanthomas Castle Mound
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| Submission declined on 27 March 2024 by 14 novembre (talk). This submission reads more like an essay than an encyclopedia article. Submissions should summarise information in secondary, reliable sources and not contain opinions or original research. Please write about the topic from a neutral point of view in an encyclopedic manner.
Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
This draft has been resubmitted and is currently awaiting re-review. |  |
| Submission declined on 7 February 2024 by WikiDan61 (talk). This draft's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article. In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are:
This submission reads more like an essay than an encyclopedia article. Submissions should summarise information in secondary, reliable sources and not contain opinions or original research. Please write about the topic from a neutral point of view in an encyclopedic manner. | |
Comment: Scheduled monuments do not appear to have the same notability as listed buildings, there being 950 in Powys alone, almost none of which have standalone articles. If better notability can be established, I still recommend removing the "Introduction to early medieval castles in Wales" section, as this historical information is already sufficiently covered in Castles in Great Britain and Ireland, and serves here only to artificially promote this particular monument's importance. WikiDan61ChatMe!ReadMe!! 18:59, 7 February 2024 (UTC)
- Scheduled monuments are nationally protected and this one appears to have significant coverage. Crouch, Swale (talk) 20:28, 19 May 2024 (UTC)
Llanthomas Castle Mound[edit]
| Llanthomas Castle Mound | |
|---|---|
 Llanthomas Castle Mound | |
  Llanthomas Castle Mound Location within Powys | |
| Principal area | |
| Preserved county | |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | HEREFORD |
| Postcode district | HR3 |
| Dialling code | 01497 |
| Police | Dyfed-Powys |
| Fire | Mid and West Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
| UK Parliament | |
| Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament | |
| Reference no. | Cadw BR078 CPAT PRN443 |
Llanthomas Castle Mound (LCM) was built by the Normans after the 1066 Norman conquest of England but before 1215 [1] [2]. It is a first generation motte and bailey castle design, the building materials are earth and timber.
The typical motte and bailey castle would have had a wooden watchtower (i.e. the keep) on the summit of the motte, a wooden palisade fence around the bailey (i.e. the courtyard) and a deep ditch surrounding the bailey. The watchtower might have had multiple storeys.
A millennium later the above ground wood has perished. The remains of LCM consists of the motte, the ditch and buried masonry underpinning part of the wooden fence surrounding the bailey [1]. Traces of a possible site for the bailey have been found to the south-east of the motte [3].
Cadw have described LCM as an important relic of medieval architecture which might extend knowledge of medieval defensive practices [1].
After translation from Latin and Tudor English the tudor antiquarian John Leyland (1503-1552) described the role of LCM as a defensive architecture [4] [5].
| Motte Height | 3.5 m | Motte summit diameter | 9.0 m | Motte base diameter | 24.0 m |
Toponymy[edit]
“Llan” is Welsh for the sacred land around a church [6]. Llanthomas translates to Thomas church. Motte and bailey castles without current evidence of the former bailey are known as castle mounds (or tumps or twts) [7]. Until recently the grazing meadow surrounding the motte was called bailey court [5]. The words bailey and court are of Norman origin [8].
LCM alternative names[edit]
Many antiquarian and modern sources reference LCM [9] [10] with names reflecting the close proxity to Llanigon and Hay-on-Wye e.g.
- Llanthomas Motte [4] [11],
- Llanthomas [12],
- Llanthomas Mound [13],
- Llanigon Castle [14] [15],
- Hay No.3 [9] ,
- and Hay Rural [10].
Some antiquarian sources indirectly reference LCM e.g.
- the tumulus on the brook below Llanthomas [16] [17],
- the mound at Llanigan Castle [18]
- and the mound in Bailey Court [5] etc.
Location[edit]
LCM [19] is located in Powys, Wales but has a Herefordshire postcode. It is about 2 miles from the border with England, in the area known as the Welsh Marches [20].
LCM is near the village of Llanigon and about 2 miles from Hay-on-Wye the "town of books". It is on the same lane as the Hay Festival fields (Dairy Meadows) [21].
LCM is on a private property but can be viewed from Llanthomas lane, opposite the walled Llanthomas gardens [22], once part of Llanthomas manor [23].
LCM is in the foothills of Hay Bluff in Bannau Brycheiniog (previously known as the Brecon Beacons), It was in the historic county of Brecknockshire/Breconshire which became Powys in 1974.
LCM is on the Middle Wye Valley. The site for the castle may have been chosen because it occupied a high point overlooking the River Wye less than a mile away. The fording point Little Fford Fawr [24] is located between LCM [25] and the south bank of the river. Mottes often had a direct line of sight to a nearby motte, which might have been the case with LCM and Llowes Castle Tump [26].
The remains of other Norman castles near LCM include:
- 1.1 miles: Llowes Castle/Llowes Motte/Llowes Castle Tump [27];
- 1.5 miles: Hay-on-Wye Motte (c.f. "First castle" [28] and "Stone Castle" [29]);
- 2.0 miles: Clyro Castle;
- 2.2 miles: Glasbury Motte c.f. ("Glasbury Castle");
- 2.5 miles: Cusop Castle (c.f. "Cusop Castle", "Mouse Castle");
- 2.7 miles: Aberllynfi Castle/Great House Mound [30];
- 2.8 miles: Castle Kinsey [31];
- 3.9 miles: Clifford Castle;
- 4.5 miles: Painscastle Castle; Boughrood Motte;
- 5.0 miles: Bronllys Castle.
| OS Map Grid Reference | SO 2091 4036 |
| what3words | provoking.rave.longer |
| Postcode | HR3 5PU |
| Latitude: 52.056 | Longitude: -3.1548 |
| Latitude: 52° 3' 21"N | Longitude: 3° 9' 17"W |
| OS Eastings: 320919 | OS Northings: 240366 |
| Mapcode National GBR F0.DL2G |
Cadw scheduled report for LCM[edit]
Cadw perform a role in Wales, similar to English Heritage in England, and are a division of the Welsh Government. The Cadw scheduled report for LCM (BR078 [1]) states that there is a “strong possibility” that LCM and the scheduled area has “both structural evidence and intact associated deposits”. The report concludes that it is “an important relic of the medieval landscape”.
Clwyd–Powys Archaeological Trust record for LCM[edit]
Cadw collaborates with the Welsh archaeological trusts, who maintain regional historic environment records on behalf of the Welsh government. The trusts are Dyfed Archaeological Trust, Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust, Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust and Clwyd–Powys Archaeological Trust (CPAT). The CPAT records for LCM include past Cadw reports: PRN: 443 (1986) [32], 38278 (1988) [33], 2586 (1995) [34].
Coflein record for LCM[edit]
Coflein is an online database known as the National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW). The historical archive aggregates registered files produced by Cadw (founded in 1984) and their predecesssors e.g Ministry of Works, and the Department of the Environment. The archive is stored in the National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth. The archive record for LCM (NPRN: 306308 [35]) includes reports going back to nearly a 100 years: 6057064, 6054097, 6064626, 6140925, 6140927, 6359576, 6464877, 6140926, 6140924, 6054098, 6059886, 6519900.
LCM Excavations[edit]
In 1921, the Rev W.E.T. Morgan, Vicar at the pre-conquest church of St. Eigon, Llanigon [36], and an amateur archaeologist hosted a visit from the Woolhope club [5]. The club study the natural history, geology, archaeology, and history of Herefordshire, England. Morgan dug a small excavation trench on the summit of the motte, but no artefacts were discovered [37]. There is no record of any professional level archaeological excavation or geophysical survey of LCM.
In 1988, a professional excavation of a possible site for the bailey courtyard revealed activity associated with the motte. A number of artefacts were found including a sherd from the base of a medieval cooking pot, and a pitt filled with charcoal suggested a kitchen area within the bailey [3]. A private bungalow has since been built over the site [38]
History[edit]
When appropriate the Normans speeded up castle construction by building on an existing Iron age or Bronze age hillforts, Roman ruins and ditches, which enhanced the castle's defensive architecture. Some antiquarian scholars believed that LCM is built on an Iron Age tumulus [16] [39] [40] [15]. LCM is likely to have been built of sandstone and limestone which was once quaried locally [41].
The second Norman invasion of Wales was led by the Norman lord Bernard de Neufmarché (c.1050–c.1125). Brycheiniog was conquered around 1088 to 1095 and then divided into lesser lordships (e.g. Llanthomas), and gifted to the knights who contributed to the conquest [42]. Llanthomas lordship was part of the lordship of Hay, owned by William Revel, one of Bernard de Neufmarché knights [14]. Revel may have built Hay-on-Wye Castle Motte, near St. Marys church in Hay-on-Wye [43] [44].
It is not known who built LCM but it is known to have existed from the early days of the Norman conquest [2] [45] [46] and was part of the lordship of Llanthomas [14].
In the 14th century, LCM was known to belong to Llanthomas manor which also had a proprietary church. The proprietary church had disappeared by the 18th century [47].
In recent times many parts of Llanthomas manor have been sold, including the land around LCM which was sold for farming.
A local historian has suggested that one of the first lords of the manor might have been William de Ferre, Earl of Derby (c.1138 - c.1189) [14]. The first documented lord of the manor was Walter Devereux (1488 -1558). He inherited Llanthomas in 1509 [48] [49].
Later known owners include:
- William Thomas (c.1524 - 1554),
- Lettice Devereux, nee Knollys (1543 – 1634),
- William Watkins (died 1702) [50],
- Thynne Howe Gwynne (c.1780 - 1855) [51],
- Sir William Pilkington (1775 – 1850),
- Rev. William Jones Thomas (1811 – 1886)[52].
- Several Thomas family members inherited Llanthomas, and lived in the manor house up until 1954 when the house was knocked down.
Notable people[edit]
- John Leyland (1503 - 1552) was a Tudor antiquarian, poet, archaeologist, and chaplain to King Henry VIII. He is known as the father of English local history and is a primary source for British history scholars. He visted LCM around 1536-1539.
- Llanthomas manor owners:
- William de Ferre, Earl of Derby (c.1138 - c.1189) was married to Sibyl de Braose (died c.1227) [53] the daughter of William de Braose, 3rd Lord of Bramber and Bertha of Hereford [14]. William took part in the failed rebellion against Henry II. He was a Knight Templar.
- Walter Devereux (1488 -1558) Earl Ferrers, 10th Baron Ferrers of Chartley, 1st Viscount Hereford [54] [49]. Walter was a parliamentarian and courtier. He was made a Knight of the Garter by Henry VIII of England.
- William Thomas (c.1524 - 1554) from Llanigon was a politician, scholar, and a clerk of the Privy Council under Edward VI. An avowed Protestant, he was found guilty of treason for plotting to murder the Catholic Queen Mary I. He was committed to the Tower of London. From there he was drawn upon a sled to Tyburn, where he was hanged, beheaded, and quartered. His head was placed on London Bridge.
- Lettice Devereux, nee Knollys (1543 – 1634). Viscountess Hereford, and Countess of Leicester. Lettice was married to Walter Devereux (1541 – 1576), 1st Earl of Essex, 2nd Viscount Hereford, 11th Baron Ferrers of Chartley. On Waters death she married Elizabeth I’s favourite, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. In a fit of jealously the Queen permanently banished Lettice from the Royal court.
- Honor Watkins (died 1734) was the wife of William Watkins (died 1702). William was an active partizan and an officer in the parliamentarian army against Charles I [55]. In 1672 an act of parliament allowed non-conformist groups to meet in their own homes. The Llanigon Dissenters held meetings at Penyrwyrlodd, William's other mansion in Llanigon. Their son John was wounded in a duel, leading to his opponents death. Fearing capture, he hid in Hay Castle but died in search of another hiding place. [56].
- A descendent also called William Watkins, lived in Llanthomas in 1772.
- Thynne Howe Gwynne (c.1780 - 1855). Lieutenant in the Regiment of the Dragoon Guards. Married to Hon. Georgianna Marianna Devereux, daughter of George the 13th Viscount Hereford of Tregoyd. He bought Llanthomas (1814), and became Sheriff for Breconshire.
- Sir William Pilkington (1775 – 1850). 8th Baronet. He sold Llanthomas for £8000 to the Rev. William Jones-Thomas (1858).
- Rev. William Jones Thomas (1811 – 1886) [57]. Vicar at St. Eigons, Llanigon (1859 - 1886) [58]. William was JP for Hereford, Brecon and Radnor. His family were unable to meet the running costs of Llanthomas. The estate was sold-off in parts including Llanthomas farm (1922). The manor house was demolished for the lead roofing (1954). William rejected suitors for 3 of his daughters, possibly because they were not wealthy enough to help sustain the estate. The known suitors include:
- Rev Robert Francis Kilvert (1840–1879) who was the curate of Clyro. In 1871, he sought permission to marry Frances Eleanor Jane Thomas. Kilvert nicknamed her Daisy, and her family nicknamed her Fanny.
- Rev William E.T. Morgan (1837-1940) who was the curate of Glasbury, and became the Vicar of St. Eigons (1887 - 1923) after William. He sought permission to marry Charlotte Alice Thomas.
Online references to LCM[edit]
Online lists of medieval period castles in Wales, that include LCM:
- List of the medieval fortified sites of the historic county of Brecknockshire [59] including LCM [60].
- List of tumps c.f. LCM.
- List of Castles in Wales c.f. Llanthomas Castle Motte.
- Welsh Castle Database [61] c.f. Llanthomas Motte.
- The Castle Guide [62] – a selection of castles from around the UK c.f. Llanthomas Motte.
- Historical Britain - Mottes [63] c.f. Llanthomas Motte.
- Anglo-Norman Castles [64] c.f. Llanthomas.
- Where to Photograph Castles in Brecknockshire [65] c.f. Llanthomas.
- Castles in Wales [66] c.f. LCM, etc.
Other online sites that reference LCM include:
- Landscape Britain [67] has a radar map of the Llanthomas Castle Mound terrain [68].
- Ancient OS maps e.g. 1888 c.f. tumulus 370[69]
- Images of LCM [19].
- Motte (Internet) weather station [70].
- HR3 5PU streetmap [71].
Antiquarian books with references to LCM[edit]
- Leyland, John (1906). The itinerary in Wales, 1536-1539 (Lucy Toulmin Smith ed.) [4].
- Poole, Edwin (1886) [72]. The Illustrated History and Biography of Brecknockshire from the Earliest Times to the Present Day [73].
- Lewis, Samuel (1833). A topographical dictionary of Wales, Vol 1 [74].
- Lewis, Samuel (1833). A topographical dictionary of Wales, Vol 2.[75].
Modern books with references to LCM[edit]
- Remfry, Paul Martin (1999, p 122). Castles of Breconshire: No. 8. Herefordshire: Logaston Press. ISBN 978-1-873827-80-2 .
- Salter, Mike (2001, p 29). The Castles of Mid Wales (2nd ed.). Folly Publications. ISBN 1-871731-48-8.
- Morgan, Gerald (2013, p 232). Castles in Wales - a Handbook (1st ed.). Y Lolfa. ISBM 978-1-84771-031-4
Selected journal articles with references to LCM[edit]
- D. J. Cathcart King. The Castles of Breconshire [9].
- D. J. Cathcart King. Castellarium Anglicanum: An Index and Bibliography of the Castles in England, Wales, and the Islands: Vols 1-2 [76].
- Ministry of Works. List Of Ancient Monuments In England And Wales [10].
- Lloyd, John Edward (1903). Historical memoranda of Breconshire; a collection of papers from various sources relating to the history of the County [77].
References[edit]
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