Salaf
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Salaf (Arabic: سلف, "ancestors" or "predecessors"), also often referred to with the honorific expression of al-salaf al-ṣāliḥ (السلف الصالح, "the pious predecessors"), are often taken to be the first three generations of Muslims.[1] This comprises companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (the Sahabah), their followers (the Tabi'un), and the followers of the followers (the Taba al-Tabi'in).[2] Their religious significance lay in the statement attributed to Muhammad: "The best of my community are my generation, the ones who follow them and the ones who follow them",[3] a period believed to exemplify the purest form of Islam. The generations of Muslims after the third are referred to as the Khalaf.[4]
Hadith[edit]
Salafs are referred according to the hadith that is claimed to quote Muhammad saying, "The best of my community are my generation, the ones who follow them and the ones who follow them."[5] as a call to Muslims to follow the example of those first three generations, known collectively as the salaf,[6] or "pious Predecessors" (Arabic: السلف الصالح, romanized: al-Salaf al-Ṣāliḥ). The salaf are believed to include Muhammad himself,[7] the "Companions" (Sahabah), the "Followers" (Tabi'un), and the "Followers of the Followers" (Tabi' al-Tabi'in).[8]
Narrated `Imran bin Husain: "Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, 'The best of my followers are those living in my generation (i.e. my contemporaries). and then those who will follow the latter" `Imran added, "I do not remember whether he mentioned two or three generations after his generation, then the Prophet (ﷺ) added, 'There will come after you, people who will bear witness without being asked to do so, and will be treacherous and untrustworthy, and they will vow and never fulfill their vows, and fatness will appear among them."
— Bukhari 3650
Narrated on the authority of Imran Ibn Husayn (RA). He said, Rasulullah (SAW) said: The best people among my ummah are the people of my age (the age of the Companions). Then the people of the next age, then the people of the next age, then the people of the next age, after them there will come some people who will bear witness but they will not be asked to bear witness. They will betray, their trust cannot be trusted. They will swear; But it will not fulfill, fatness will appear in them. In another narration, they will swear (unnecessarily), but no oath will be asked of them.
— Mishkat 6010
Second generation[edit]
The Tabi‘un, the successors of Sahabah.
- Abu Hanifah Nuʿmān ibn Thābit ibn Zūṭā ibn Marzubān
- Abu Muslim Al-Khawlani
- Abu Suhail an-Nafi' ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman
- Al-Rabi Ibn Khuthaym
- Ali Akbar
- Ali ibn Husayn (Zain-ul-'Abidin)
- Alqama ibn Qays al-Nakha'i
- Ata Ibn Abi Rabah
- Atiyya bin Saad
- Hasan al-Basri
- Iyas Ibn Muawiyah Al-Muzani
- Masruq ibn al-Ajda'
- Muhammad al-Baqir
- Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
- Muhammad Ibn Wasi' Al-Azdi
- Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn Shihab al-Zuhri
- Muhammad ibn Munkadir
- Nafi Mawla Ibn Umar
- Muhammad ibn Sirin, son of a slave of Khalid ibn al-Walid
- Musa ibn Nusayr
- Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
- Raja ibn Haywa
- Sa'id ibn Jubayr
- Said ibn al-Musayyib
- Salamah ibn Dinar
- Salih Ibn Ashyam Al-Adawi
- Salim Ibn Abdullah Ibn Umar Ibn al-Khattab
- Shuraih Al-Qadhi
- Tariq Ibn Ziyad
- Tawus Ibn Kaysan
- Umar Ibn Abdul-Aziz
- Umm Kulthum bint Abu Bakr
- Urwah Ibn Al-Zubayr
- Uwais al-Qarni
Third generation[edit]
The Tabi‘ al-Tabi‘in, the successors of the Tabi‘un.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Lacey, Robert (2009). Inside the Kingdom, Kings, Clerics, Modernists, Terrorists, and the Struggle for Saudi Arabia. New York: Viking. p. 9.
- ^ "The Meaning of the Word "Salaf" – Abu 'Abdis-Salaam Hasan bin Qaasim ar-Raymee". AbdurRahman.org. 2014-09-29. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
- ^ Wood, Graeme (20 December 2016). The Way of the Strangers: Encounters with the Islamic State. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 9780241240120.
- ^ Brown, Jonathan A. C. (14 December 2009). "Islamic Studies: Salafism". Oxford Bibliographies. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
- ^ Wood, Graeme (20 December 2016). The Way of the Strangers: Encounters with the Islamic State. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 9780241240120.
- ^ Lacey, Robert (2009). Inside the Kingdom, Kings, Clerics, Modernists, Terrorists, and the Struggle for Saudi Arabia. New York: Viking. p. 9.
- ^ "What ISIS really wants", The Atlantic, February 2015
- ^ "The way of the Sufis is the way of the Salaf, the Scholars among the Sahaba, Tabi'in and Tabi' at-Tabi'in. Its origin is to worship Allah and to leave the ornaments of this world and its pleasures." (Ibn Khaldun (733–808 H/1332–1406 CE)) Muqaddimat ibn Khaldan, p. 328, quoted in Pahary Sheikh Mohammad Yasser, Sufism: Origin, Development and Emergence of Sufi Orders Archived 27 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved March 2012
- ^ Al bidaya wan Nahaya, Ibn Kathir