2024 United Kingdom general election

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2024 United Kingdom general election
United Kingdom
← 2019 4 July 2024
All 650 seats in the House of Commons
326 seats needed for a majority
Party Leader Current seats
Conservative Rishi Sunak 344
Labour Keir Starmer 205
Scottish National John Swinney[a] 43
Liberal Democrats Ed Davey 15
Democratic Unionist Gavin Robinson (interim) 7
Sinn Féin Michelle O'Neill 7
Plaid Cymru Rhun ap Iorwerth[b] 3
SDLP Colum Eastwood 2
Alba Alex Salmond[c] 2
Green Carla Denyer and
Adrian Ramsay 		1
Alliance Naomi Long 1
Workers Party George Galloway 1
Reform UK Richard Tice 1
Independent n/a 17
Speaker Lindsay Hoyle 1
Incumbent Prime Minister
Rishi Sunak
Conservative

The 2024 United Kingdom general election is scheduled to be held on Thursday 4 July 2024.[1] It will determine the composition of the House of Commons, which determines the Government of the United Kingdom. Significant constituency boundary changes will be in effect, the first such changes since before the 2010 general election. In addition, it will be the first UK general election where physical forms of voter identification will be a legal requirement to vote at a polling station in Great Britain.[d]

It will be the first UK general election since Brexit, the UK's departure from the European Union, took place on 31 January 2020. It will also be the first general election to be held during the reign of King Charles III, the first in July since 1945 and the first to take place under the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022. The election is taking place amid widespread public disapproval towards the governing Conservative Party, as a result of numerous controversies including Partygate, resulting in the opposition Labour Party maintaining leads in opinion polling, often by very wide margins, and there being public opinion towards a change in government.


2024 United Kingdom general election
Parties
Campaign
by country
Related
← 2019 2024 Next →

Background[edit]

The results of the 2019 general election are given below, alongside the current numbers in the House of Commons. Seat counts have changed through 23 by-elections and a number of defections and suspensions of members from their party that have taken place throughout the present parliament.

Affiliation Members
Elected in 2019[2] Current[3] Change
Conservative 365 344 Decrease 21
Labour[e] 202 205 Increase 3
Scottish National 48 43 Decrease 5
Liberal Democrats 11 15 Increase 4
Democratic Unionist 8 7 Decrease 1
Sinn Féin 7 7 Steady
Plaid Cymru 4 3 Decrease 1
SDLP 2 2 Steady
Alba N/A[f] 2[g] Increase 2
Green 1 1 Steady
Alliance 1 1 Steady
Workers Party N/A[f] 1 Increase 1
Reform UK 0 1 Increase 1
Speaker 1 1 Steady
Independent 0 17[h] Increase 17
Total 650 650 Steady
Voting total[i] 639 638 Decrease 1[j]
Vacant 0 0 Steady
Government majority 87 44[8] Decrease 43
This table:

For full details of changes during the current Parliament, see By-elections and Defections, suspensions and resignations.

In March 2022 the Labour Party abandoned all-women shortlists, citing legal advice that continuing to use them for choosing parliamentary candidates would be an unlawful practice under the Equality Act 2010, since the majority of Labour MPs were now women.[9]

In March 2024 Reform UK announced an electoral pact with the Northern Irish unionist party TUV.[10] The parties will stand mutually agreed candidates in Northern Ireland constituencies in the election.[11] Reform UK also announced a pact with the Social Democratic Party (SDP), a minor socially conservative party.[12]

On 22 May 2024 Rishi Sunak announced that he had advised the King to order the dissolution of Parliament and called a general election for 4 July 2024.[13]

Electoral system[edit]

See also: Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and Politics of the United Kingdom

General elections in the United Kingdom are organised using first-past-the-post voting. The Conservative Party, which won a majority at the 2019 general election, included pledges in its manifesto to remove the 15-year limit on voting for British citizens living abroad, and to introduce a voter identification requirement in Great Britain.[14] These changes were included in the Elections Act 2022.

Boundary reviews[edit]

Main article: List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies (2024 to present) by region

The Sixth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, which proposed reducing the number of constituencies from 650 to 600, commenced in 2011 but temporarily stopped in January 2013. Following the 2015 general election, each of the four parliamentary boundary commissions of the United Kingdom recommenced their review process in April 2016.[15][16][17] The four commissions submitted their final recommendations to the Secretary of State on 5 September 2018[18][19] and made their reports public a week later.[20][21][22][18] However, the proposals were never put forward for approval before the calling of the general election held on 12 December 2019, and in December 2020 the reviews were formally abandoned under the Schedule to the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020.[23]

A projection by psephologists Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher of how the 2017 votes would have translated to seats under the 2018 boundaries suggested the changes would have been beneficial to the Conservative Party and detrimental to the Labour Party.[24][25]

In March 2020, Cabinet Office minister Chloe Smith confirmed that the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies would be based on retaining 650 seats.[26][27] The previous relevant legislation was amended by the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020[28] and the four boundary commissions formally launched their 2023 reviews on 5 January 2021.[29][30][31][32] They were required to issue their final reports prior to 1 July 2023.[23] Once the reports have been laid before Parliament, Orders in Council giving effect to the final proposals must be made within four months, unless "there are exceptional circumstances". Prior to the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020, boundary changes could not be implemented until they were approved by both Houses of Parliament.

The boundary changes were approved at a meeting of the Privy Council on 15 November 2023[33] and came into force on 29 November 2023,[34] meaning that the election will be contested on these new boundaries.[35]

Notional 2019 results[edit]

Main article: Notional results of the 2019 United Kingdom general election by 2024 constituency
The notional results of the 2019 election, if they had taken place under boundaries recommended by the Sixth Periodic Review.

The election will be contested under new constituency boundaries established by the Sixth Boundary Review in 2023. Consequently, media outlets tend to report seat gains and losses as compared to notional results. These are the results if all votes cast in 2019 were unchanged, but regrouped by new constituency boundaries.[36] Notional results in the UK are always estimated, usually with the assistance of local election results, because vote counts at parliamentary elections in the UK do not obtain figures at any level more specific than that of the whole constituency.

In England, seats will be redistributed towards Southern England, away from Northern England, due to the different rates of population growth. North West England and North East England will lose two seats each whereas South East England will gain seven seats and South West England will gain three seats.[37] Based on historical voting patterns, this is expected to help the Conservatives.[38] Based on these new boundaries, different parties would have won several constituencies with unchanged names but changed boundaries in 2019. For example, the Conservatives would have won Wirral West and Leeds North West instead of the Labour Party, but Labour would have won Pudsey and Heywood & Middleton instead of the Conservatives. Westmorland and Lonsdale, the constituency represented by former Liberal Democrat leader Tim Farron, is now notionally a Conservative seat.

In Scotland, 57 MPs will be elected, down from the 59 in 2019, with the following notional partisan composition of Scotland's parliamentary delegation:[39] The Scottish National Party would remain steady on 48 seats, despite two of their constituencies being dissolved. The Scottish Conservatives' seat count of six would likewise remain unchanged. Scottish Labour would have retained Edinburgh South, the sole constituency they won in 2019. Had the 2019 general election occurred with the new boundaries in effect, the Scottish Liberal Democrats would have only won two seats (Edinburgh West and Orkney and Shetland), instead of the four they did win that year, as the expanded electorates in the other two would overcome their slender majorities.

Under the new boundaries, Wales will lose eight seats, electing 32 MPs instead of the 40 they elected in 2019. Welsh Labour would have won 18 instead of the 22 MPs they elected in 2019, and the Welsh Conservatives 12 instead of 14. Due to the abolition and merging of rural constituencies in West Wales, Plaid Cymru would have only won two seats instead of four. Nonetheless, the boundaries are expected to cause difficulty for the Conservatives as more pro-Labour areas are added to some of their safest seats.[40]

In Northern Ireland, the notional results are identical to the actual results of the 2019 general election in Northern Ireland.

Notional 2019 results on 2023 boundaries
Party MPs
2019 actual result 2019 notional result Change
Conservative 365 372 Increase 7
Labour 202 200 Decrease 2
Scottish National 48 48 Steady
Liberal Democrats 11 8 Decrease 3
Democratic Unionist 8 8 Steady
Sinn Féin 7 7 Steady
Plaid Cymru 4 2 Decrease 2
SDLP 2 2 Steady
Green 1 1 Steady
Alliance 1 1 Steady
Speaker 1 1 Steady

Date of the election[edit]

Originally the next election was scheduled to take place on 2 May 2024 under the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011.[k] However, at the 2019 general election, in which the Conservatives won a majority of 80 seats, the party's manifesto contained a commitment to repeal the Fixed-term Parliaments Act.[42] In December 2020, the government duly published a draft Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 (Repeal) Bill, later retitled the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022.[43] This entered into force on 24 March 2022. Thus, the prime minister can again request the monarch to dissolve Parliament and call an early election with 25 working days' notice. Section 4 of the Act provided: "If it has not been dissolved earlier, a Parliament dissolves at the beginning of the day that is the fifth anniversary of the day on which it first met."

The Electoral Commission confirmed that the 2019 Parliament would, therefore, have to be dissolved, at the latest, by 17 December 2024, and that the next general election had to take place no later than 28 January 2025.[44][45]

With no election date fixed in law, there was speculation as to when Rishi Sunak, as prime minister, would call an election. On 18 December 2023, Sunak told journalists that the election would take place in 2024 rather than January 2025.[1] On 4 January, he first suggested the general election would probably be in the second half of 2024.[46] On 22 May 2024, after much speculation through the day,[47][48][49] Sunak confirmed the election would be held on 4 July.[50]

Timetable[edit]

Key dates[51]
Date Event
Wednesday 22 May Prime Minister Rishi Sunak requests a dissolution of parliament from King Charles III and announces the date of polling day for the general election as 4 July.
Friday 24 May Last sitting day of business. Parliament prorogued.
Thursday 30 May Dissolution of parliament and official start of the campaign. Beginning of purdah. Royal Proclamation issued dissolving the 58th Parliament, summoning the 59th Parliament and setting the date for its first meeting.
Friday 7 June Nominations of candidates close.
Thursday 13 June Deadline to register to vote at 5pm in Northern Ireland.
Tuesday 18 June Deadline to register to vote at 5pm (Great Britain).
Wednesday 19 June Deadline to apply for a postal vote.
Wednesday 26 June Deadline to register for a proxy vote at 5pm. Exemptions applied for emergencies.
Thursday 4 July Polling Day – polls opened at 7am to 10 pm.
Friday 5 July Results announced for all the 650 constituencies. End of purdah. New Ministry formed.
Tuesday 9 July First meeting of the new Parliament of the United Kingdom, for the formal election of Speaker of the House of Commons and the swearing-in of members, ahead of the State Opening of Parliament's first session.
Wednesday 17 July State Opening of Parliament and King's Speech.

Campaign[edit]

On the afternoon of 22 May 2024, Sunak announced that the general election would be held on 4 July 2024.[52]

The calling of the election was welcomed by Keir Starmer, Leader of the Opposition and the Labour Party,[53] and by Ed Davey, leader of the Liberal Democrats.[54]

Endorsements[edit]

Main article: Endorsements in the 2024 United Kingdom general election

Newspapers, organisations, and individuals have endorsed parties or individual candidates for the election.

Candidates[edit]

Main article: Candidates in the 2024 United Kingdom general election

MPs not standing for re-election[edit]

As of 23 May 2024 a total of 108 current members of Parliament have announced their intention not to stand for re-election. Four MPs — Nadine Dorries, Nigel Adams, Chris Skidmore (all Conservative) and Chris Pincher (independent, elected as Conservative) — announced their intention not to stand again but later resigned from Parliament before the election.[55][56][57][58][59][60]

Number of MP retirements by party affiliation
Party MPs retiring
Elected[l] Current
Conservative 72 65
Labour 21 21
Scottish National 10 9
Independent 0 9
Sinn Féin 2 2
Green 1 1
Plaid Cymru 1 1
Democratic Unionist 1 0
Total 108
Members of Parliament not standing for re-election
MP Seat First elected Party Date announced
Douglas Ross Moray 2017 Conservative 14 October 2021[61]
Alex Cunningham Stockton North 2010 Labour 25 November 2021[62]
Margaret Hodge Barking 1994 Labour 2 December 2021[63]
Barry Sheerman Huddersfield 1979[m] Labour 4 December 2021[64]
Harriet Harman Camberwell and Peckham 1982[n] Labour 7 December 2021[65]
Alan Whitehead Southampton Test 1997 Labour 14 January 2022[66]
Charles Walker Broxbourne 2005 Conservative 1 February 2022[67]
Ben Bradshaw Exeter 1997 Labour 3 February 2022[68]
Wayne David Caerphilly 2001 Labour 11 February 2022[69]
Paul Blomfield Sheffield Central 2010 Labour 21 February 2022[70]
Rosie Winterton Doncaster Central 1997 Labour 27 February 2022[71]
Margaret Beckett Derby South 1974[o] Labour 25 March 2022[72]
Crispin Blunt Reigate 1997 Independent[p] 1 May 2022[73]
Mike Penning Hemel Hempstead 2005 Conservative 17 May 2022[74]
Adam Afriyie Windsor 2005 Conservative 22 July 2022[75]
Jon Cruddas Dagenham and Rainham 2001 Labour 28 July 2022[76]
Colleen Fletcher Coventry North East 2015 Labour 5 September 2022[77]
Andrew Percy Brigg and Goole 2010 Conservative 8 November 2022[78]
Hywel Williams Arfon 2001 Plaid Cymru 11 November 2022[79]
Chloe Smith Norwich North 2009 Conservative 22 November 2022[80]
William Wragg Hazel Grove 2015 Independent[p] 22 November 2022[81]
Gary Streeter South West Devon 1992[q] Conservative 25 November 2022[82]
Dehenna Davison Bishop Auckland 2019 Conservative 25 November 2022[83]
Sajid Javid Bromsgrove 2010 Conservative 2 December 2022[84]
Mark Pawsey Rugby 2010 Conservative 5 December 2022[85]
Matt Hancock West Suffolk 2010 Independent[p] 7 December 2022[86]
George Eustice Camborne and Redruth 2010 Conservative 18 January 2023[87]
Edward Timpson Eddisbury 2008[r] Conservative 1 February 2023[88]
Jo Gideon Stoke-on-Trent Central 2019 Conservative 9 February 2023[89]
Paul Beresford Mole Valley 1992[s] Conservative 13 February 2023[90]
Stephen McPartland Stevenage 2010 Conservative 13 February 2023[91]
Robin Walker Worcester 2010 Conservative 3 March 2023[92]
Graham Brady Altrincham and Sale West 1997 Conservative 7 March 2023[93]
Pauline Latham Mid Derbyshire 2010 Conservative 9 March 2023[94]
Gordon Henderson Sittingbourne and Sheppey 2010 Conservative 17 March 2023[95]
Craig Whittaker Calder Valley 2010 Conservative 21 March 2023[96]
Nicola Richards West Bromwich East 2019 Conservative 28 March 2023[97]
Henry Smith Crawley 2010 Conservative 31 March 2023[98]
John Howell Henley 2008 Conservative 11 April 2023[99]
Robert Goodwill Scarborough and Whitby 2005 Conservative 13 April 2023[100]
Julian Knight Solihull 2015 Independent[p] 21 April 2023[101]
Jonathan Djanogly Huntingdon 2001 Conservative 21 April 2023[102]
Matthew Offord Hendon 2010 Conservative 2 May 2023[103]
Conor McGinn St Helens North 2015 Independent[t] 5 May 2023[104]
Alister Jack Dumfries and Galloway 2017 Conservative 17 May 2023[105]
Richard Bacon South Norfolk 2001 Conservative 19 May 2023[106]
Dominic Raab Esher and Walton 2010 Conservative 22 May 2023[107]
Philip Dunne Ludlow 2005 Conservative 22 May 2023[108]
Margaret Greenwood Wirral West 2015 Labour 23 May 2023[109]
Andy Carter Warrington South 2019 Conservative 30 May 2023[110]
George Howarth Knowsley 1986[u] Labour 5 June 2023[111]
Ian Blackford Ross, Skye and Lochaber 2015 SNP 6 June 2023[112]
Caroline Lucas Brighton Pavilion 2010 Green Party 8 June 2023[113]
Will Quince Colchester 2015 Conservative 9 June 2023[114]
Royston Smith Southampton Itchen 2015 Conservative 9 June 2023[115]
Bill Cash Stone 1984[v] Conservative 10 June 2023[116]
Lucy Allan Telford 2015 Conservative 15 June 2023[117]
Peter Grant Glenrothes 2015 SNP 21 June 2023[118]
Angela Crawley Lanark and Hamilton East 2015 SNP 23 June 2023[119]
Steve Brine Winchester 2010 Conservative 23 June 2023[120]
Douglas Chapman Dunfermline and West Fife 2015 SNP 26 June 2023[121]
Chris Clarkson Heywood and Middleton 2019 Conservative 27 June 2023[122]
Greg Knight East Yorkshire 1983[w] Conservative 27 June 2023[123]
Stewart Hosie Dundee East 2005 SNP 28 June 2023[124]
Mhairi Black Paisley and Renfrewshire South 2015 SNP 4 July 2023[125]
John McNally Falkirk 2015 SNP 10 July 2023[126]
Ben Wallace Wyre and Preston North 2005[x] Conservative 15 July 2023[127]
Philippa Whitford Central Ayrshire 2015 SNP 18 July 2023[128]
Trudy Harrison Copeland 2017 Conservative 24 July 2023[129]
Stephen Hammond Wimbledon 2005 Conservative 14 September 2023[130]
David Jones Clwyd West 2005 Conservative 20 September 2023[131]
Alok Sharma Reading West 2010 Conservative 26 September 2023[132]
Chris Grayling Epsom and Ewell 2001 Conservative 6 October 2023[133]
Lisa Cameron East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow 2015 Conservative[y] 17 October 2023[134]
John Baron Basildon and Billericay 2001[z] Conservative 25 October 2023[135]
Patrick Grady Glasgow North 2015 SNP 7 November 2023[136]
Nick Gibb Bognor Regis and Littlehampton 1997 Conservative 13 November 2023[137]
Bob Stewart Beckenham 2010 Independent[p] 18 November 2023[138]
James Duddridge Rochford and Southend East 2005 Conservative 20 November 2023[139]
Nick Brown Newcastle upon Tyne East 1983 Independent[t] 12 December 2023[140]
Karen Buck Westminster North 1997[aa] Labour 19 January 2024[141]
Oliver Heald North East Hertfordshire 1992[ab] Conservative 22 January 2024[142]
Mike Freer Finchley and Golders Green 2010 Conservative 31 January 2024[143]
Christina Rees Neath 2015 Labour 1 February 2024[144]
Bob Neill Bromley and Chislehurst 2006 Conservative 1 February 2024[145]
Kwasi Kwarteng Spelthorne 2010 Conservative 6 February 2024[146]
Nickie Aiken Cities of London and Westminster 2019 Conservative 7 February 2024[147]
Tracey Crouch Chatham and Aylesford 2010 Conservative 12 February 2024[148]
Francie Molloy Mid Ulster 2013 Sinn Féin 13 February 2024[149]
Kieran Mullan Crewe and Nantwich 2019 Conservative 13 February 2024[150]
Mickey Brady Newry and Armagh 2015 Sinn Féin 19 February 2024[151]
Ian Mearns Gateshead 2010 Labour 21 February 2024[152]
Paul Scully Sutton and Cheam 2015 Conservative 4 March 2024[153]
Theresa May Maidenhead 1997 Conservative 8 March 2024[154]
Brandon Lewis Great Yarmouth 2010 Conservative 14 March 2024[155]
James Heappey Wells 2015 Conservative 15 March 2024[156]
Robert Halfon Harlow 2010 Conservative 26 March 2024[157]
Tim Loughton East Worthing and Shoreham 1997 Conservative 13 April 2024[158]
Mark Menzies Fylde 2010 Independent[p] 21 April 2024[159]
Dan Poulter Central Suffolk and North Ipswich 2010 Labour[p] 27 April 2024[160]
Natalie Elphicke Dover 2019 Labour[p] 8 May 2024[161]
Nadhim Zahawi Stratford-on-Avon 2010 Conservative 9 May 2024[162]
Chris Heaton-Harris Daventry 2010 Conservative 18 May 2024[163]
Jeffrey Donaldson Lagan Valley 1997 Independent[ac] 22 May 2024[164]
Holly Lynch Halifax 2015 Labour 22 May 2024[165]
Yvonne Fovargue Makerfield 2010 Labour 22 May 2024[166]
James Grundy Leigh 2019 Conservative 22 May 2024[166]
Jo Churchill Bury St Edmunds 2015 Conservative 23 May 2024[167]

MPs deselected or seeking a new constituency[edit]

See also: Preselection and Deselection of Labour MPs

Some sitting MPs have not been selected by their party to recontest their seat (or a successor seat). Options available to these MPs include standing down, challenging their non-selection, seeking selection for another seat, and contesting the election under a different banner.

Members of Parliament deselected, suspended or expelled
MP Constituency First elected Party (as elected) Reason
Richard Bacon South Norfolk 2001 Conservative Deselected by the constituency's Conservative Association and subsequently announced he would stand down[168][106]
Andrew Bridgen North West Leicestershire 2010 Conservative Expelled from the Conservative Party and now sits as an independent MP after joining the Reclaim Party for a time; he plans to contest his current seat at the next election as an independent[169][170]
Jeremy Corbyn Islington North 1983 Labour Excluded from selection by the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party; Corbyn sits as an independent but remains a party member[171]
Jonathan Djanogly Huntingdon 2001 Conservative Deselected by the Conservative Association and subsequently announced his retirement
Patrick Grady Glasgow North 2015 Scottish National Deselected by the local party in favour of MP for Glasgow Central Alison Thewliss[172]
Neil Hudson Penrith and The Border 2019 Conservative Sought selection for the new seat of Penrith and Solway, losing to fellow MP Mark Jenkinson; he subsequently applied for the West Suffolk seat, losing to former political adviser Nick Timothy[173][174]
Angus MacNeil Na h-Eileanan an Iar 2005 Scottish National Expelled from the SNP and sits as an independent with the Scotland United grouping with the Alba Party; he plans to contest the next election[175]
Christina Rees Neath 2015 Labour Co-op Excluded from selection by the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party;[176] in January 2024, she announced that she would stand down at the next general election[144]
Sam Tarry Ilford South 2019 Labour Deselected by the Constituency Labour Party in favour of Jas Athwal[177]
Claudia Webbe Leicester East 2019 Labour Expelled from the Labour Party due to a criminal conviction and sits as an independent[178]
Mick Whitley Birkenhead 2019 Labour Sought selection for the redrawn seat of Birkenhead, losing to fellow MP Alison McGovern[179]
Beth Winter Cynon Valley 2019 Labour Sought selection for the new seat of Merthyr Tydfil and Aberdare, losing to fellow MP Gerald Jones[180]

MPs standing under a different political affiliation from 2019[edit]

Outgoing MP 2019 party 2019 constituency 2024 party 2024 constituency
Lee Anderson Conservative Ashfield Reform UK Ashfield
Andrew Bridgen Conservative North West Leicestershire Independent North West Leicestershire
Neale Hanvey Scottish National Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath Alba Cowdenbeath and Kirkcaldy
Kenny MacAskill Scottish National East Lothian Alba Alloa and Grangemouth
Angus MacNeil Scottish National Na h-Eileanan an Iar Independent Na h-Eileanan an Iar
Christian Wakeford Conservative Bury South Labour Bury South
Claudia Webbe Labour Leicester East Independent Leicester East

Former MPs seeking to return to Parliament[edit]

Former Members of Parliament
MP Target constituency Years elected Party Explanation
Douglas Alexander Lothian East 1997–2015 Labour Served as a Labour MP for Paisley South (1997–2005) and Paisley and Renfrewshire South (2005–2015), both constituencies unrelated to Lothian East. Defeated by the SNP in 2015.
Heidi Alexander Swindon South 2010–2018 Labour Served as a Labour MP for Lewisham East, an unrelated constituency, from 2010 to 2018 when she stood down from Parliament to become Deputy Mayor of London for Transport.
Gordon Birtwistle Burnley 2010–2015 Liberal Democrats Served as a Liberal Democrat MP for Burnley from 2010 to 2015, when he was defeated by Labour.
Mary Creagh Coventry East 2005–2019 Labour Served as a Labour MP for Wakefield, an unrelated constituency, from 2005 to 2019 when she was defeated by the Conservatives.
Nic Dakin Scunthorpe 2010–2019 Labour Served as a Labour MP for Scunthorpe from 2010 to 2019, when he was defeated by the Conservatives.
Emma Dent Coad Kensington and Bayswater 2017–2019 Independent Served as a Labour MP for Kensington, the predecessor constituency to Kensington and Bayswater, from 2017 to 2019 when she was defeated by the Conservatives. Left the Labour Party in 2023.
James Frith Bury North 2017–2019 Labour Served as a Labour MP for Bury North from 2017 to 2019, when he was defeated by the Conservatives.
Andrew George St Ives 1997–2015 Liberal Democrats Served as a Liberal Democrat MP for St Ives from 1997 to 2015 when he was defeated by the Conservatives.
Stephen Gethins Arbroath and Broughty Ferry 2015–2019 Scottish National Served as a SNP MP for North East Fife, a close-by but non-contiguous constituency, from 2015 to 2019 when he was defeated by the Liberal Democrats.
Luke Graham Perth and Kinross-shire 2017–2019 Conservative Served as a Conservative MP for Ochil and South Perthshire, one of the predecessor seats to Perth and Kinross-shire, from 2017 to 2019 when he was defeated by the SNP.
Matthew Green South Shropshire 2001–2005 Liberal Democrats Served as a Liberal Democrat MP for Ludlow, the predecessor constituency to South Shropshire, from 2001 to 2005 when he was defeated by the Conservatives.
John Grogan Keighley and Ilkley 2017–2019 Labour Served as a Labour MP for Keighley, the predecessor constituency to Keighley & Ilkley from 2017 to 2019, when he was defeated by the Conservatives. Additionally served as the MP for Selby from 1997 to 2010
Stephen Kerr Angus and Perthshire Glens 2017–2019 Conservative Served as a Conservative MP for Stirling, an neighbouring constituency, from 2017 to 2019 when he was defeated by the SNP.
Tessa Munt Wells and Mendip Hills 2010–2015 Liberal Democrats Served as a Liberal Democrat MP for Wells, the predecessor constituency to Wells and Mendip Hills, from 2010 to 2015 when she was defeated by the Conservatives.
Pamela Nash Motherwell and Wishaw 2010–2015 Labour Served as a Labour MP for Airdrie and Shotts from 2010 to 2015 when she was defeated by the Scottish National Party.
Dan Norris North East Somerset and Hanham 1997–2010 Labour Served as a Labour MP for Wansdyke, one of the predecessor constituency to North East Somerset and Hanham, from 1997 to 2010 when he was defeated by the Conservatives in the predecessor constituency of North East Somerset.
Melanie Onn Great Grimsby and Cleethorpes 2015–2019 Labour Served as a Labour MP for Great Grimsby, the predecessor constituency to Great Grimsby and Cleethorpes, from 2015 to 2019 when she was defeated by the Conservatives.
Andrew Pelling Croydon East 2005–2010 Liberal Democrats Served as a Conservative MP for Croydon Central, the predecessor constituency to Croydon East, from 2005 to 2010 when he unsuccessfully stood for reelection as an independent. Joined Labour in 2011 and the Liberal Democrats in 2023.
Jo Platt Leigh and Atherton 2017–2019 Labour Served as a Labour MP for Leigh, the predecessor constituency to Leigh and Atherton, from 2017 to 2019 when she was defeated by the Conservatives.
Alan Reid Argyll, Bute and South Lochaber 2001–2015 Liberal Democrats Served as a Liberal Democrat MP for Argyll and Bute, the predecessor constituency to Argyll, Bute and South Lochaber, from 2001 to 2015 when he was defeated by the SNP.
Emma Reynolds Wycombe 2010–2019 Labour Served as a Labour MP for Wolverhampton North East, an unrelated constituency, from 2010 to 2019 when she was defeated by the Conservatives.
Gareth Snell Stoke-on-Trent Central 2017–2019 Labour Served as a Labour MP for Stoke-on-Trent Central from 2017 to 2019, when he was defeated by the Conservatives.
Anna Turley Redcar 2015–2019 Labour Served as a Labour MP for Redcar from 2015 to 2019, when she was defeated by the Conservatives.
Mark Williams Ceredigion Preseli 2005–2017 Liberal Democrats Served as a Liberal Democrat MP for Ceredigion, the predecessor constituency to Ceredigion Preseli, from 2005 to 2017 when he was defeated by Plaid Cymru.
Chris Williamson Derby South 2010–2015, 2017–2019 Workers Party Served as a Labour MP for Derby North, a neighbouring constituency, from 2010 to 2015 and from 2017 to 2019, when he was defeated by the Conservatives. Left the Labour Party in 2019 and joined the Workers Party in 2023.
Corri Wilson Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock 2015–2017 Alba Served as an SNP MP for Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock from 2015 to 2017, when she was defeated by the Conservatives. Left the SNP to join Alba in 2021.[181]

MPs changing constituencies[edit]

Due to boundary changes, most MPs standing for re-election will seek to represent a seat at least slightly different from their present seat. However, in some cases sitting MPs have secured selection to stand in a substantially or completely different seat from their present seat. They may happen because their seat is marginal and likely to be lost by their party, losing preselection to another candidate, boundary changes abolish their present seat or their present seat is redrawn in an unfavourable way in boundary changes.

Members of Parliament changing constituencies
MP Current constituency First elected Party (as elected) New constituency Note
Stuart Anderson Wolverhampton South West 2019 Conservative South Shropshire While there are no significant changes to Anderson's current seat, it is a marginal Conservative seat, whereas South Shropshire is likely a safe Conservative seat. He had initially announced he would not stand for re-election but subsequently reversed his decision.[97]
Simon Baynes Clwyd South 2019 Conservative North Shropshire Selected for North Shropshire after his current seat is being abolished in boundary changes. North Shropshire, which the Liberal Democrats gained in a 2021 by-election, contains none of Baynes' present seat.[182]
Mims Davies Mid Sussex[ad] 2019 Conservative East Grinstead and Uckfield Selected for East Grinstead and Uckfield due to boundary changes in her current seat.[183]
Flick Drummond Meon Valley 2019 Conservative Winchester Selected for Winchester in July 2023 as her present seat is being abolished. The reconfigured Winchester seat contains about 25% of the Meon Valley seat. Drummond sought selection for the proposed Fareham and Waterlooville seat, which contains a larger proportion of her current seat and is forecast to be much safer for the Conservatives than Winchester (a key Liberal Democrat target), but was defeated by Suella Braverman, the MP for Fareham and then–Home Secretary.
Damien Egan Kingswood 2024 Labour Bristol North East Selected for Bristol North East in July 2023. Elected in the 2024 Kingswood by-election triggered by the resignation of Chris Skidmore in January 2024.
Paul Holmes Eastleigh 2019 Conservative Hamble Valley Selected to the new Hamble Valley seat. The new seat contains 48% of his current seat.[184]
Eddie Hughes Walsall North 2017 Conservative Tamworth Selected for Tamworth as his current constituency is being abolished, and the main successor seat of Walsall and Bloxwich was considered significantly more vulnerable to the Labour Party than Tamworth, where the incumbent MP Chris Pincher announced he would be standing down following a scandal.[185] Pincher resigned in September 2023 and Labour's Sarah Edwards won the subsequent by-election; Hughes has nevertheless since maintained his candidacy for this constituency.
Jeremy Hunt South West Surrey 2005 Conservative Godalming and Ash Chancellor of the Exchequer Jeremy Hunt was selected for the newly created Godalming and Ash constituency in January 2023,[186] as his current constituency is set to be abolished. The western part of the existing seat, comprising the majority of the electorate and including the towns of Farnham and Haslemere will be combined with parts of the District of East Hampshire to create the new Farnham and Bordon constituency. The Godalming and Ash seat will comprise Godalming and the area of the North Downs to the south of the existing constituency.[187]
Sarah Jones Croydon Central 2017 Labour Croydon West Standing for election in the new safe seat of Croydon West (containing 11% of the to-be-abolished Croydon Central) rather than the more marginal Croydon East (contains 83% of Croydon Central).[188]
Alison McGovern Wirral South 2010 Labour Birkenhead Selected for Birkenhead due the abolition of her present constituency, defeating incumbent MP for Birkenhead Mick Whitley in the selection process.[189] The reconfigured Birkenhead contains a small part of her present seat.[190]
Alec Shelbrooke Elmet and Rothwell 2010 Conservative Wetherby and Easingwold Selected for Wetherby and Easingwold due to his current seat being abolished and broken up between four other seats. Wetherby and Easingwold will take in the Harewood and Wetherby wards of Leeds, but is otherwise based in North Yorkshire rather than West Yorkshire.[191]
Iain Stewart Milton Keynes South 2010 Conservative Buckingham and Bletchley Selected for the new Buckingham and Bletchley seat, as his present seat is being abolished.[192]
Alistair Strathern Mid Bedfordshire 2023 Labour Hitchin Elected for Mid Bedfordshire at a by-election in October 2023. Announced in January 2024 that he would contest the new constituency of Hitchin which will include a small part of his current seat around his home town of Shefford.[193]
Alison Thewliss Glasgow Central 2015 Scottish National Glasgow North Selected for Glasgow North due to her current seat being abolished.[194] This was after unsuccessfully challenging David Linden for the nomination in Glasgow East.[195]

Incumbent MPs standing against each other[edit]

In some cases, incumbent MPs will be standing against each other.

Constituency MP Party MP Party Note
Honiton and Sidmouth Simon Jupp (East Devon)[196] Conservative Richard Foord (Tiverton and Honiton)[197] Liberal Democrats Foord was elected in the 2022 Tiverton and Honiton by-election
Hitchin Bim Afolami (Hitchin & Harpenden) Conservative Alistair Strathern (Mid Bedfordshire) Labour Strathern was elected in the 2023 Mid Bedfordshire by-election
North Shropshire Simon Baynes (Clwyd South)[198] Conservative Helen Morgan (North Shropshire) Liberal Democrats Morgan was elected in the 2021 North Shropshire by-election
Tamworth Eddie Hughes (Walsall North)[199] Conservative Sarah Edwards (Tamworth) Labour Edwards was elected in the 2023 Tamworth by-election

Opinion polling[edit]

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2024 United Kingdom general election
Opinion polling for UK general elections
2010 election
Opinion polls
2015 election
Opinion polls • Leadership approval
2017 election
Opinion polls • Leadership approval
2019 election
Opinion polls • Leadership approval
2024 election
Opinion polls • Leadership approval
This section is an excerpt from Opinion polling for the 2024 United Kingdom general election § Graphical summary.[edit]

The chart below shows opinion polls conducted for the 2024 United Kingdom general election. The trend lines are local regressions (LOESS).

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Stephen Flynn leads the SNP in the House of Commons.
  2. ^ Liz Saville Roberts leads Plaid Cymru in the House of Commons.
  3. ^ Neale Hanvey leads Alba in the House of Commons.
  4. ^ In Northern Ireland, voter ID was already required at elections before it was introduced in the rest of the UK.
  5. ^ Includes 24 MPs sponsored by the Co-operative Party, who are designated Labour and Co-operative.[4]
  6. ^ a b At the time of the 2019 election this party did not exist.
  7. ^ Both of the Alba Party's MPs, Kenny MacAskill and Neale Hanvey, were elected for the Scottish National Party (SNP) before leaving to join Alba in 2021.[5]
  8. ^ Eight were elected as Conservative MPs at the 2019 general election, including Andrew Bridgen, who defected to Reclaim in May 2023 but left the party in December 2023 and now sits as an independent. The remaining 9 independent MPs all come from the opposition benches.
  9. ^ The seven members of Sinn Féin abstain, i.e. they do not take their seats in the House of Commons;[6] the Speaker and deputy speakers (currently three Conservative and one Labour) have only a tie-breaking vote constrained by conventions.[7]
  10. ^ Deputy speaker Eleanor Laing (Con, Chair of Ways and Means) was on an extended leave of absence, and Roger Gale (Con) has served as an additional acting Deputy Speaker since.
  11. ^ The Fixed-term Parliaments Act automatically scheduled general elections for the first Thursday in May of the fifth year after the previous general election.[41] The previous election was held in December 2019.
  12. ^ Party affiliation of retiring MPs at the time of the 2019 general election.
  13. ^ Originally elected as the MP for Huddersfield East.
  14. ^ Originally elected as the MP for Peckham in the 1982 by-election.
  15. ^ Originally elected the MP for Lincoln in the October 1974 election but lost her seat in the 1979 general election; elected for Derby South at the 1983 general election.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h Elected as Conservative.
  17. ^ Originally elected as the MP for Plymouth Sutton.
  18. ^ Originally elected as the MP for Crewe and Nantwich in the 2008 by-election but lost his seat in the 2017 general election; elected for Eddisbury at the 2019 general election.
  19. ^ Originally elected as the MP for Croydon Central.
  20. ^ a b Elected as Labour.
  21. ^ Originally elected as the MP for Knowsley North in the 1986 by-election.
  22. ^ Originally elected as the MP for Stafford in a by-election in 1984.
  23. ^ Originally elected as the MP for Derby North in the 1983 general election but lost his seat in the 1997 general election; elected for East Yorkshire at the 2001 general election.
  24. ^ Originally elected as the MP for Lancaster and Wyre.
  25. ^ Elected as SNP.
  26. ^ Originally elected as the MP for Billericay.
  27. ^ Originally elected as the MP for Regent's Park and Kensington North.
  28. ^ Originally elected as the MP for North Hertfordshire.
  29. ^ Elected as DUP.
  30. ^ Previously served as the MP for Eastleigh from 2015 to 2019.

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